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This is the official page for the unofficial port of Gentoo to N900 internet tablets.

If you have any questions/troubles, you can find me on freenode [irc://chat.freenode.net/maemo #maemo] and [irc://chat.freenode.net/gentoo-embededded #gentoo-embedded] ([http://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=%23Maemo,%23Gentoo-Embedded webchat]).

'''Bootable with X, WiFi, SMS, and GPRS'''

== Overview / Todo list ==
* <s>Main display</s>
* Battery charger daemon (or kernel integration)
* <s>Keyboard (X11)</s>
* <s>GPRS/UMTS data connections</s>
** <s>Integrated with Gentoo network subsystems</s>
* <s>SMS</s>
* Audio output (NOT SAFE: see highpass filter)
* Voice calls
** Cellular
** Ring/vibrate
** SIP
** XMPP
* <s>Front camera</s>
** Camera button
** Autofocus
* Usable GUI
** Razor-qt?
** KDE Plasma Active?
* Video calls (webcam)
** Skype support?
* Flashlight (SAFETY RESTRICTIONS NEEDED)
* GPS (gpsd driver)
** Road navigation
** Dead reckoning w/ accelerometers?
** [http://talk.maemo.org/showthread.php?t=72497 Cellular]
* [https://gitorious.org/community-ssu/maemo-tvout-control/trees/master/src TV out]
* FM transmitter
* Keyboard (console)
* Bluetooth
** Headset
** GPS
** ??
* Infrared transmitter
* 3D acceleration
* FM receiver

== Installation ==

=== Partitioning ===

If you use the internal memory card, be sure to leave your Maemo partitions in the same partition order as before (unless you don't want to run Maemo anymore, of course)

'''Unless you're super-careful doing this, you will probably lose all the data on the partitions you change. Backup!'''

First, dump your current partition layout:
 sfdisk -d /dev/mmcblk0 > ptable
Now, edit the ptable file with your favourite editor and load the modified one:
 sfdisk --no-reread /dev/mmcblk0 < ptable

Here is how I partitioned my internal SSD:
 unit: sectors
 /dev/mmcblk0p1 : start=       64, size=  4194304, Id= c
 /dev/mmcblk0p2 : start= 56631360, size=  4194304, Id=83
 /dev/mmcblk0p3 : start= 60825664, size=  1572864, Id=82
 /dev/mmcblk0p4 : start=  4194368, size= 52436992, Id= 5
 /dev/mmcblk0p5 : start=  4194384, size= 20971568, Id=83
 /dev/mmcblk0p6 : start= 25165968, size= 31465392, Id=83</blockquote>

If you're more conforable with standard Linux fdisk, [https://garage.maemo.org/plugins/wiki/index.php?RepartitionInstructions&id=1382&type=g supposedly] [http://archive.debian.org/debian/pool/main/u/util-linux/util-linux_2.13.1.1-1_armel.deb the deb from Debian Lenny] works.
See the [http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/handbook/handbook-arm.xml?part=1&chap=4#doc_chap3 official Gentoo handbook] if you need help using fdisk to edit your partition table.

===Creating Filesystems===

Since you are installing on a SSD that may very well queue its writes out of order, ext3 and other journaling filesystems designed for magnetic/write-in-order drives are generally a bad idea and may be very dangerous to use.
If you're using an old kernel, such as the original Fremantle kernel, you'll have to stick to ext2. If you are using a recent "power" kernel (or modern kernel), you can use ext4 without journal support.

I recommend making swap on an external MicroSD so when you destroy it, it can be replaced (unlike the internal one).

===Mounting===

Due to Maemo using the FHS /media for other partitions, I chose to use it for the Gentoo mount too. You can use Gentoo's standard /mnt here if you want, I think.

mount -t ext2 /dev/mmcblk0p5 /mnt/gentoo

===Installing Gentoo===

Be sure your system clock is correct before proceeding. Weird things happen when it's not.

Download [http://distfiles.gentoo.org/releases/arm/autobuilds/current-stage3-armv7a_hardfp/ the latest armv7a_hardfp stage3 from Gentoo], or, if you want to run the softfp ABI (still hardware-accelerated) for some reason (like better binary compatibility with Maemo), you can use [http://distfiles.gentoo.org/releases/arm/autobuilds/current-stage3-armv7a/ the armv7a stage3]. Note that I only run hardfp, so can't support problems specific to the softfp ABI and don't provide prebuilt binary packages for it.

Just in case, download the .DIGESTS file too, and verify your download with:
 sha1sum -c *.DIGEST

Now, proceed to unpack the stage3:
 cd /media/gentoo
 tar xvjpf stage3-*.tar.bz2

Configure your compile options (/media/gentoo/etc/make.conf) next.

Recommended (only safe to use unmodified for hardfp ABI!):
 CHOST="armv7a-hardfloat-linux-gnueabi"
 CFLAGS="-O2 -pipe -mcpu=cortex-a8 -mfpu=neon -mfloat-abi=hard"
 CXXFLAGS="${CFLAGS}"
 ASFLAGS="-mcpu=cortex-a8 -mfpu=neon -mfloat-abi=hard"
 
 # Distcc is a good idea, if you [http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/cross-compiling-distcc.xml setup a cross-compiler on another Gentoo system]
 FEATURES="${FEATURES} distcc"
 # MAKEOPTS -jN should probably be the number of systems in your distcc array; but never more than 2 when building KDE software (meinproc uses a lot of memory and won't be distributed)!
 MAKEOPTS="-j2"
 
 # Since the N900 doesn't have a lot of RAM, you'll probably need to sacrifice some CPU time to minimize memory usage
 LDFLAGS="${LDFLAGS} -Wl,--no-keep-memory -Wl,--reduce-memory-overheads"
 CFLAGS="${CFLAGS} --param ggc-min-expand=0 --param ggc-min-heapsize=32768"
 
 PORTAGE_NICENESS="10"
 PORTAGE_IONICE_COMMAND="ionice -c 3 -p \${PID}"
 
 PORTAGE_BINHOST="http://luke.dashjr.org/programs/gentoo-n900/packages/hardfp/gcc45/"
 EMERGE_DEFAULT_OPTS="--getbinpkg y"

===Chroot===
 cp -L /etc/resolv.conf etc/
 mount -t proc proc proc
 mount -o bind /dev dev
 mount -t devpts devpts dev/pts
 env -i chroot . /bin/bash
 env-update
 source /etc/profile
 export PS1="(chroot) $PS1"

===Install and configure the Portage tree, with N900 overlay===
 emerge --sync --quiet
 USE='-* git' emerge layman
 layman -a n900
 rm /etc/make.profile
 ln -s /var/lib/layman/n900/profiles/default/linux/arm/10.0/n900/ /etc/make.profile

===Configure timezone===
 ls /usr/share/zoneinfo
 cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/UTC /etc/localtime
 echo "UTC" > /etc/timezone

==Booting==

===Configuring your kernel===
If you just want to use your Maemo kernel, simply copy /lib/modules/* from your Maemo partition into Gentoo (you'll need to exit the chroot first).

However, if you want to build one yourself (required for any custom kernel modules, or non-X11 console), follow these steps:
 emerge fremantle-power-sources  # regular fremantle-sources is also available
 cd /usr/src/linux
 make menuconfig
 # (configure the kernel as you like here)
 make && make modules_install
 # (copy arch/arm/boot/zImage to your host system to flash as the N900's kernel)

Note that this kernel will not boot Maemo without setting up the modules on the Maemo partition. I believe this is as simple as copying the directory and running depmod on that side, but I'll have to review it before I'm sure.

You can skip the compiling (but you still need to install the sources!) if you want, by using [http://luke.dashjr.org/programs/gentoo-n900/kernels/ one of my prebuilt kernels].

===Configuring your system etc===
The following steps from Gentoo's official handbook are just fine here:
* [http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/handbook/handbook-arm.xml?part=1&chap=8 Configuring your System]
* [http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/handbook/handbook-arm.xml?part=1&chap=9 Installing Necessary System Tools]

===Installing N900-required stuff===
The n900-env metapackage should pull in all the essentials for your N900.
If you don't want some N900 functionality, you can change your USE flags in make.conf prior to installing it.

{| class="wikitable"
! USE flag !! Description
|-
| bluetooth || BlueZ and Bluetooth firmware
|-
| cellular or gps || Ofono
|-
| nokia-osso-linux || Maemo "bootmenu" compatibility
|-
| v4l || Camera firmware
|-
| wifi || Wifi firmware and tools
|-
| X || X11 drivers
|}

emerge n900-env

==X11 setup==
Create /etc/X11/xorg.conf with the following:
 Section "Device"
     Identifier "Configured Video Device"
     Driver "omapfb"
     Option "fb" "/dev/fb0"
 EndSection
 
 Section "InputClass"
     Identifier "calibration"
     MatchProduct "TSC2005 touchscreen"
     Option "Calibration" "194 3901 3739 241"
 EndSection
 
 Section "InputClass"
     Identifier  "keyboard"
     MatchProduct    "omap_twl4030keypad"
 
     Option "XkbOptions" "grp:ctrl_shift_toggle"
     Option "XkbLayout" "nokia_vndr/rx-51(common)+nokia_vndr/rx-51(us)"
     Option "XkbModel" "nokia"
 EndSection
 
 Section "InputClass"
     Identifier "touchscreen"
     MatchProduct "TSC2005 touchscreen"
 
     Driver "tslib"
     Option "EmulateRightButton"    "1"
 EndSection

==Sound setup==

This basically "just works", but be careful when unmuting - it's possible to play audio that destroys the internal speakers! If you're experienced in writing highpass filters, please contact me to help resolve this.

==Cellular setup==

=== Install Ofono ===
 emerge net-misc/ofono

===Configure GPRS networking===
 ln -s net.lo /etc/init.d/net.gprs0
Edit /etc/conf.d/net:
 rc_need_gprs0='ofono'
 modem_gprs0='n9000'  # The extra zero is the n900 instance number 0 :)
 context_apn_gprs0='epc-scpcf000.t-mobile.com'  # Other providers need other APNs!
 context_protocol_gprs0='ipv6'

Start the GPRS interface:
 /etc/init.d/net.gprs0 start

=== Send SMS ===
 ofono-send-sms n9000 15555551212 'Hey there!'

=== Voice call ===
 ofono-dial-number n9000 15555551212

Note the other end will probably get silence, and you won't hear them either.
I'm working on an ALSA plugin to fix this.

== WiFi setup ==

ln -s net.lo /etc/init.d/net.wlan0
Edit /etc/conf.d/net:
 mac_wlan0='00:1f:df:xx:xx:xx'  # You MUST set this, or N900's wlan MAC won't be initialized!
 preferred_aps='my_wep_network my_public_network linksys etc'
 key_my_wep_network='abcd-ef00-1234-5678-9abc-def0-12'
 modules="!wpa_supplicant"

Start the wlan interface:
 /etc/init.d/net.wlan0 start

==Bluetooth setup==

It's on my todo list, but not very high priority since I don't really use anything Bluetooth...

==GPS setup==

I've reverse engineered the cellmo GPS protocols, and written [http://luke.dashjr.org/tmp/code/gps3.c a NMEA proxy] that mostly works with gpsd. When I get to properly integrating GPS support, I plan to write an actual gpsd driver so a proxy isn't needed.

==Known issues==
===Webkit linking memory usage===
WebKit requires an absurd amount of memory to link. I build binary packages inside qemu when it needs to be bumped. I suggest you use them.

==Modern kernel==
Current status: http://elinux.org/N900

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Editing Gentoo/N900

@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 This is the official page for the unofficial port of Gentoo to N900 internet tablets.
-If you have any questions/troubles, you can find ''me'' (probably luke-jr) on freenode [irc://chat.freenode.net/maemo #maemo] and [irc://chat.freenode.net/gentoo-embededded #gentoo-embedded] ([http://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=%23Maemo,%23Gentoo-Embedded webchat]).
+If you have any questions/troubles, you can find me on freenode [irc://chat.freenode.net/maemo #maemo] and [irc://chat.freenode.net/gentoo-embededded #gentoo-embedded] ([http://webchat.freenode.net/?channels=%23Maemo,%23Gentoo-Embedded webchat]).
 '''Bootable with X, WiFi, SMS, and GPRS'''
@@ Line 62: / Line 62: @@
   /dev/mmcblk0p4 : start=  4194368, size= 52436992, Id= 5
   /dev/mmcblk0p5 : start=  4194384, size= 20971568, Id=83
-  /dev/mmcblk0p6 : start= 25165968, size= 31465392, Id=83
+  /dev/mmcblk0p6 : start= 25165968, size= 31465392, Id=83</blockquote>
 If you're more conforable with standard Linux fdisk, [https://garage.maemo.org/plugins/wiki/index.php?RepartitionInstructions&id=1382&type=g supposedly] [http://archive.debian.org/debian/pool/main/u/util-linux/util-linux_2.13.1.1-1_armel.deb the deb from Debian Lenny] works.
@@ Line 70: / Line 70: @@
 Since you are installing on a SSD that may very well queue its writes out of order, ext3 and other journaling filesystems designed for magnetic/write-in-order drives are generally a bad idea and may be very dangerous to use.
-If you're using an old kernel, such as the original Fremantle kernel, you'll have to stick to ext2. If you are using a recent "power" kernel (or modern kernel), you can use ext4 without journal support (but possibly these do not have ext4 ACLs/xattrs enabled).
+If you're using an old kernel, such as the original Fremantle kernel, you'll have to stick to ext2. If you are using a recent "power" kernel (or modern kernel), you can use ext4 without journal support.
 I recommend making swap on an external MicroSD so when you destroy it, it can be replaced (unlike the internal one).
@@ Line 84: / Line 84: @@
 Be sure your system clock is correct before proceeding. Weird things happen when it's not.
-Download [http://distfiles.gentoo.org/experimental/arm/musl/ the latest *vanilla* armv7a_hardfp musl stage3 from Gentoo].
+Download [http://distfiles.gentoo.org/releases/arm/autobuilds/current-stage3-armv7a_hardfp/ the latest armv7a_hardfp stage3 from Gentoo], or, if you want to run the softfp ABI (still hardware-accelerated) for some reason (like better binary compatibility with Maemo), you can use [http://distfiles.gentoo.org/releases/arm/autobuilds/current-stage3-armv7a/ the armv7a stage3]. Note that I only run hardfp, so can't support problems specific to the softfp ABI and don't provide prebuilt binary packages for it.
-Note that standard glibc stage3 will no longer work as it includes glibc 2.20, which is incompatible with the older kernels needed for N900.
-You could try uclibc instead, but nobody has tried that thus far, so you're on your own.
 Just in case, download the .DIGESTS file too, and verify your download with:
-  grep -A1 SHA512 stage3-*DIGESTS | sha512sum -c
+  sha1sum -c *.DIGEST
 Now, proceed to unpack the stage3:
@@ Line 95: / Line 93: @@
   tar xvjpf stage3-*.tar.bz2
-Configure your compile options (/media/gentoo/etc/portage/make.conf) next.
+Configure your compile options (/media/gentoo/etc/make.conf) next.
-Recommended (only safe to use unmodified for musl hardfp ABI!):
+Recommended (only safe to use unmodified for hardfp ABI!):
-  CHOST="armv7a-hardfloat-linux-musleabi"
+  CHOST="armv7a-hardfloat-linux-gnueabi"
- # WARNING: -mthumb -mthumb-interwork require a Thumb-safe kernel! Remove them otherwise.
+  CFLAGS="-O2 -pipe -mcpu=cortex-a8 -mfpu=neon -mfloat-abi=hard"
-  CFLAGS="-O2 -pipe -mcpu=cortex-a8 -mfpu=neon -mfloat-abi=hard -mthumb -mthumb-interwork"
   CXXFLAGS="${CFLAGS}"
-  ASFLAGS="-mcpu=cortex-a8 -mfpu=neon -mfloat-abi=hard -mthumb -mthumb-interwork"
+  ASFLAGS="-mcpu=cortex-a8 -mfpu=neon -mfloat-abi=hard"
   # Distcc is a good idea, if you [http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/cross-compiling-distcc.xml setup a cross-compiler on another Gentoo system]
@@ Line 111: / Line 108: @@
   # Since the N900 doesn't have a lot of RAM, you'll probably need to sacrifice some CPU time to minimize memory usage
   LDFLAGS="${LDFLAGS} -Wl,--no-keep-memory -Wl,--reduce-memory-overheads"
- # The following thing increased building times of some packages (paludis and cryptography, for instance) insanely and the man page suggests it is of questionable utility
   CFLAGS="${CFLAGS} --param ggc-min-expand=0 --param ggc-min-heapsize=32768"
   PORTAGE_NICENESS="10"
   PORTAGE_IONICE_COMMAND="ionice -c 3 -p \${PID}"
+ PORTAGE_BINHOST="http://luke.dashjr.org/programs/gentoo-n900/packages/hardfp/gcc45/"
+ EMERGE_DEFAULT_OPTS="--getbinpkg y"
 ===Chroot===
@@ Line 129: / Line 128: @@
 ===Install and configure the Portage tree, with N900 overlay===
   emerge --sync --quiet
-  USE='-* git curl ssl curl_ssl_openssl python_targets_python2_7' emerge layman
+  USE='-* git' emerge layman
-  # be sure to follow layman post-install instructions to edit make.conf
+  layman -a n900
-  layman -fa n900
+ rm /etc/make.profile
- eselect profile set n900:n900/armv7a-hardfloat-linux-musleabi
+  ln -s /var/lib/layman/n900/profiles/default/linux/arm/10.0/n900/ /etc/make.profile
- layman -a musl
 ===Configure timezone===
- USE=-nls emerge -1 timezone-data<!-- timezone-data[nls] broken in current musl stage3 as of 2015-07-21 -->
   ls /usr/share/zoneinfo
+ cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/UTC /etc/localtime
   echo "UTC" > /etc/timezone
- emerge --config timezone-data
 ==Booting==
 ===Configuring your kernel===
-If you just want to use your Maemo kernel, simply copy /lib/modules/* from your Maemo partition into Gentoo (you'll need to exit the chroot first) and emerge the appropriate kernel sources: fremantle-sources, fremantle-power-sources, and meego-sources are available.
+If you just want to use your Maemo kernel, simply copy /lib/modules/* from your Maemo partition into Gentoo (you'll need to exit the chroot first).
 However, if you want to build one yourself (required for any custom kernel modules, or non-X11 console), follow these steps:
-  emerge fremantle-power-sources
+  emerge fremantle-power-sources  # regular fremantle-sources is also available
   cd /usr/src/linux
   make menuconfig
@@ Line 156: / Line 154: @@
 Note that this kernel will not boot Maemo without setting up the modules on the Maemo partition. I believe this is as simple as copying the directory and running depmod on that side, but I'll have to review it before I'm sure.
-===Configuring your system etc===
+You can skip the compiling (but you still need to install the sources!) if you want, by using [http://luke.dashjr.org/programs/gentoo-n900/kernels/ one of my prebuilt kernels].
-All of these are optional if you just want a chroot.
+===Configuring your system etc===
 The following steps from Gentoo's official handbook are just fine here:
-* [https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Handbook:X86/Full/Installation#Filesystem_information Filesystem information]
+* [http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/handbook/handbook-arm.xml?part=1&chap=8 Configuring your System]
-* [https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Handbook:X86/Full/Installation#Networking_information Networking information]
+* [http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/handbook/handbook-arm.xml?part=1&chap=9 Installing Necessary System Tools]
-* [https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Handbook:X86/Full/Installation#System_information System information]
-* [https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Handbook:X86/Full/Installation#System_logger System logger]
-* [https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Handbook:X86/Full/Installation#Optional:_Cron_daemon Optional: Cron daemon]
-* [https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Handbook:X86/Full/Installation#Optional:_File_indexing Optional: File indexing]
-* [https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Handbook:X86/Full/Installation#Optional:_Remote_access Optional: Remote access]
-* [https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Handbook:X86/Full/Installation#Filesystem_tools Filesystem tools]
-* [https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Handbook:X86/Full/Installation#Networking_tools Networking tools]
 ===Installing N900-required stuff===
@@ Line 272: / Line 263: @@
 I've reverse engineered the cellmo GPS protocols, and written [http://luke.dashjr.org/tmp/code/gps3.c a NMEA proxy] that mostly works with gpsd. When I get to properly integrating GPS support, I plan to write an actual gpsd driver so a proxy isn't needed.
-==Known problems==
+==Known issues==
 ===Webkit linking memory usage===
 WebKit requires an absurd amount of memory to link. I build binary packages inside qemu when it needs to be bumped. I suggest you use them.