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[http://freepascal.org FreePascal compiler] is a free compiler for the various Pascal dialects. There is also a project [http://lazarus.freepascal.org Lazarus] which provides a Delphi-like IDE for the FreePascal compiler. This article describes how to compile and install FreePascal compiler right on the device (currently [[Nokia N900|N900]] only, still have troubles to successfully compile it on my [[Nokia N810|N810]]). You may need a lot of space, so it is very useful to [[Ext2 on microSD card|format an external SD card as ext2 or ext3]].
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[http://freepascal.org FreePascal compiler] is a free compiler for the various Pascal dialects. There is also a project [http://lazarus.freepascal.org Lazarus] which provides Delphi like IDE for the FreePascal compiler.
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In this article we will describe how to compile and install FreePascal compiler right on the device (currently n900 only, still have troubles to successfully compile it on my n810).
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==Bootstrapping==
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You may need a lot of space, so it is very handful to format external SD card as ext2 or ext3 as shown here: [[Ext2_on_microSD_card]]  
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==Bootstraping==
First we need to get a working copy of fpc for ARM EABI. Currently, it is possible to get only ARB OABI version at the FreePascal web site. (version 2.2.2)
First we need to get a working copy of fpc for ARM EABI. Currently, it is possible to get only ARB OABI version at the FreePascal web site. (version 2.2.2)
That's why we need to compile an ARM version of the compiler on the GNU/Linux PC first, then transfer it to the Nokia device, and compile the full compiler distribution there.
That's why we need to compile an ARM version of the compiler on the GNU/Linux PC first, then transfer it to the Nokia device, and compile the full compiler distribution there.
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<ol>
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That's why first you need to have fpc installed on your GNU/Linux box.
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<li>
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First you need to have fpc installed on your GNU/Linux box.
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</li>
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<li>
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Then, download fpc source with svn.
Then, download fpc source with svn.
<pre>
<pre>
svn checkout http://svn.freepascal.org/svn/fpc/trunk fpc
svn checkout http://svn.freepascal.org/svn/fpc/trunk fpc
</pre>
</pre>
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</li>
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You also need cross binutils for ARM.
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<li>
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Let's compile it like this:
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You also need cross binutils for ARM. Let's compile it like this:
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<pre>
<pre>
mkdir binutils
mkdir binutils
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cd $BINUTILS
cd $BINUTILS
./configure --prefix=/opt/binutils-arm-eabi --target=arm-none-eabi --with-gnu-as
./configure --prefix=/opt/binutils-arm-eabi --target=arm-none-eabi --with-gnu-as
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  --with-gnu-ld
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  --with-gnu-ld  
make
make
make install
make install
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-linux-ld
-linux-ld
</pre>
</pre>
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</li>
 
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<li>
 
Then, export PATH so it will contain your binutils path first
Then, export PATH so it will contain your binutils path first
<pre>
<pre>
export PATH=/opt/binutils-arm-eabi/bin:$PATH
export PATH=/opt/binutils-arm-eabi/bin:$PATH
</pre>
</pre>
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</li>
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<li>
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Now we can compile fpc for ARM EABI. Go to fpc svn directory and run:
Now we can compile fpc for ARM EABI. Go to fpc svn directory and run:
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<pre>
<pre>
make all PREFIX=/opt/fpc-arm OS_TARGET=linux CPU_TARGET=arm OPT="-dFPC_ARMEL"
make all PREFIX=/opt/fpc-arm OS_TARGET=linux CPU_TARGET=arm OPT="-dFPC_ARMEL"
</pre>
</pre>
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</li>
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<li>
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After successful compilation you will get "ppcarm" binary in the "compiler" folder inside fpc source tree.
After successful compilation you will get "ppcarm" binary in the "compiler" folder inside fpc source tree.
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<pre>
<pre>
noch@hactar:~/freepascal/svn/fpc/compiler$ file ppcarm
noch@hactar:~/freepascal/svn/fpc/compiler$ file ppcarm
ppcarm: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, version 1 (SYSV), statically linked, stripped
ppcarm: ELF 32-bit LSB executable, ARM, version 1 (SYSV), statically linked, stripped
</pre>
</pre>
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</li>
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<li>
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Now it's time to scp ppcarm to the Nokia Maemo device, and compile with it sources there. From this point we work only on Maemo.
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Now it's time to scp ppcarm to the Nokia Maemo device, and compile with it sources there. From this point we work only on Maemo. I assume that you have <code>openssh-server</code> installed. You will also need the following packages:
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I assume, you have openssh-server installed. You will also need the following packages:
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<ul>
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subversion - to get fpc source tree.
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<li><code>subversion</code> - to get fpc source tree</li>
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binutils - to get GNU assembler and linker
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<li><code>binutils</code> - to get GNU assembler and linker</li>
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diffutils-gnu - fpc needs "diff" to compile itself
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<li><code>diffutils-gnu</code> - fpc needs "diff" to compile itself</li>
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coreutils-gnu - contains, "install" command, needed to run "make install"
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<li><code>coreutils-gnu</code> - contains, "install" command, needed to run "make install"</li>
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</ul>
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For Diablo, I found "diffutils" package in the [http://www.gronmayer.com/it/dl.php?id=224 Dayless] repository at the  [http://www.gronmayer.com/it gronmayer] repository list.
For Diablo, I found "diffutils" package in the [http://www.gronmayer.com/it/dl.php?id=224 Dayless] repository at the  [http://www.gronmayer.com/it gronmayer] repository list.
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/usr/bin/gdiff
/usr/bin/gdiff
</pre>
</pre>
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</li>
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Because fpc needs "diff" executable, then there's two options. Whether to add /usr/bin/gnu to the PATH
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<li>
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Because fpc needs "diff" executable, then there's two options. Whether to add <code>/usr/bin/gnu</code> to the <code>PATH</code>:
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<pre> export PATH=/usr/bin/gnu:$PATH</pre>
<pre> export PATH=/usr/bin/gnu:$PATH</pre>
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or create a symlink to <code>gdiff</code> in <code>/usr/bin</code>
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or create a symlink to gdiff in /usr/bin
<pre>ln -s /usr/bin/gdiff /usr/bin/diff</pre>
<pre>ln -s /usr/bin/gdiff /usr/bin/diff</pre>
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</li>
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<li>
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There is a linker problem like
There is a linker problem like
<pre>
<pre>
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Fatal: Compilation aborted  
Fatal: Compilation aborted  
</pre>
</pre>
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In order to avoid this, go to <code>compiler/systems</code> and change <code>t_linux.pas</code> so that it contain path to the <code>/lib/ld-linux.so.3</code> instead of <code>/lib/ld-linux.so.2</code>, because we do not have <code>/lib/ld-linux.so.2</code> on Maemo 4 and Maemo 5. This is a [[http://free-pascal-general.1045716.n5.nabble.com/FreePascal-on-ARM-Linux-SoftFloat-and-EABI-issues-td2819338.html quote]] from the freepascal mailing list:
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In order to avoid this, go to compiler/systems and change t_linux.pas so that it contain path to the /lib/ld-linux.so.3 instead of /lib/ld-linux.so.2, because we do not have /lib/ld-linux.so.2 on Maemo4 and Maemo5.
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This is a [[http://free-pascal-general.1045716.n5.nabble.com/FreePascal-on-ARM-Linux-SoftFloat-and-EABI-issues-td2819338.html quote]] from the freepascal mailing list:
<pre>
<pre>
> also although it creates an EABI 4 executable correctly there is a
> also although it creates an EABI 4 executable correctly there is a
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>    {$else}  
>    {$else}  
</pre>
</pre>
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</li>
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<li>
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So, change to the fpc source directory and run:
So, change to the fpc source directory and run:
<pre>
<pre>
make clean all PP=/path/to/newlycopied/ppcarm PREFIX="/opt/fpc-svn" OPT="-dFPC_ARMEL -O- -dFPC_ABI_EABI"
make clean all PP=/path/to/newlycopied/ppcarm PREFIX="/opt/fpc-svn" OPT="-dFPC_ARMEL -O- -dFPC_ABI_EABI"
</pre>
</pre>
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</li>
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<li>
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If you have compilation error like this
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<pre>
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__missing_command_DATA2INC fpc
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</pre>
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it means compiler cannot find "data2inc" file and we need to provide path for that, so the command is
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<pre>
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make clean all PP=/path/to/newlycopied/ppcarm DATA2INC="/path/to/fpc_source/utils/data2inc" PREFIX="/opt/fpc-svn" OPT="-dFPC_ARMEL -O- -dFPC_ABI_EABI"
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</pre>
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Then, make install with the same options
Then, make install with the same options
<pre>
<pre>
make install PP=/path/to/newlycopied/ppcarm PREFIX="/opt/fpc-svn" OPT="-dFPC_ARMEL -O- -dFPC_ABI_EABI"
make install PP=/path/to/newlycopied/ppcarm PREFIX="/opt/fpc-svn" OPT="-dFPC_ARMEL -O- -dFPC_ABI_EABI"
</pre>
</pre>
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</li>
 
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</ol>
 
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==Creating config==
==Creating config==
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Now, we have a working compiler in /opt/fpc-svn/bin
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Now, we have a working compiler in <code>/opt/fpc-svn/bin</code>. But there are no config file, so it won't work.
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But there are no config file, so it won't work.
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<ol>
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In order to create a config file, do
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<li>
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In order to create a config file, do:
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<pre>
<pre>
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/opt/fpc-svn/bin/fpcmkcfg -d basepath=/opt/fpc-svn/lib/fpc/2.5.1/ -o /etc/fpc.cfg
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/opt/fpc-svn/bin/fpcmkcfg -d basepath=/opt/fpc-svn/lib/fpc/2.5.1 -o /etc/fpc.cfg
</pre>
</pre>
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</li>
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<li>
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It is also necessary to have correct path
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It is also necessary to have correct path:
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<pre>
<pre>
export PATH=/opt/fpc-svn/lib/fpc/2.5.1:/opt/fpc-svn/bin:$PATH
export PATH=/opt/fpc-svn/lib/fpc/2.5.1:/opt/fpc-svn/bin:$PATH
</pre>
</pre>
Second directory contains ppcarm binary, which is necessary for compilation.
Second directory contains ppcarm binary, which is necessary for compilation.
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</li>
 
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</ol>
 
This is it, now you have a working FreePascal compiler on Maemo. Next step is to install Lazarus, so you will be able to compile Lazarus created sources right on the device.
This is it, now you have a working FreePascal compiler on Maemo. Next step is to install Lazarus, so you will be able to compile Lazarus created sources right on the device.
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</pre>
</pre>
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Lazarus compilation will fail with the binutils of Maemo 5. Thus we need to compile newer binutils and we need gcc for it.
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Lazarus compilation will fail with the binutils of maemo5.
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Thus we need to compile newer binutils and we need gcc for it.
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<ol>
 
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<li>
 
Add SDK repository to the apt config
Add SDK repository to the apt config
<pre>vi /etc/apt/sources.list.d/dev.list</pre>
<pre>vi /etc/apt/sources.list.d/dev.list</pre>
<pre>deb http://repository.maemo.org fremantle/sdk free non-free</pre>
<pre>deb http://repository.maemo.org fremantle/sdk free non-free</pre>
DO NOT UPGRADE YOUR SYSTEM WITH THIS CONFIG LINE ENABLED!
DO NOT UPGRADE YOUR SYSTEM WITH THIS CONFIG LINE ENABLED!
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</li>
 
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<li>
 
<pre>
<pre>
apt-get update
apt-get update
apt-get install gcc autoconf automake1.9 libtool flex bison gdb automaken libltdl3-dev
apt-get install gcc autoconf automake1.9 libtool flex bison gdb automaken libltdl3-dev
</pre>
</pre>
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</li>
 
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<li>
 
At this point I also have gettext installed.
At this point I also have gettext installed.
<pre>
<pre>
apt-get install gettext
apt-get install gettext
</pre>
</pre>
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</li>
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<li>
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Dependencies for lazarus.
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Dependencies for lazarus:
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<pre>apt-get install libgtk2.0-dev libgpmg1-dev libncurses5-dev</pre>
<pre>apt-get install libgtk2.0-dev libgpmg1-dev libncurses5-dev</pre>
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It will compile, but won't link without them.
It will compile, but won't link without them.
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</li>
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<li>
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Now install binutils. For that you also need tar-gnu and bzip2 packages:
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Now install binutils. For that you also need <code>tar-gnu</code> and <code>bzip2</code> packages:
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<pre>
<pre>
apt-get install tar-gnu bzip2
apt-get install tar-gnu bzip2
</pre>
</pre>
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</li>
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<li>
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I use the following script:
I use the following script:
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<source lang="bash">
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 +
<pre>
#!/bin/bash
#!/bin/bash
BINUTILS=binutils-2.20.1
BINUTILS=binutils-2.20.1
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ln -s /opt/binutils-arm-eabi/bin/arm-none-eabi-as /opt/binutils-arm-eabi/bin/arm
ln -s /opt/binutils-arm-eabi/bin/arm-none-eabi-as /opt/binutils-arm-eabi/bin/arm
ln -s /opt/binutils-arm-eabi/bin/arm-none-eabi-ld /opt/binutils-arm-eabi/bin/arm
ln -s /opt/binutils-arm-eabi/bin/arm-none-eabi-ld /opt/binutils-arm-eabi/bin/arm
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</source>
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</pre>
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</li>
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<li>
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Update the PATH environment variable so it contain newly installed binutils at first place:
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Update the <code>PATH</code> environment variable so it contain newly installed binutils at first place:
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<pre>
<pre>
export PATH=/opt/binutils-arm-eabi/bin:$PATH
export PATH=/opt/binutils-arm-eabi/bin:$PATH
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or if fpc is not currently in the path in this terminal, then
or if fpc is not currently in the path in this terminal, then
<pre>export PATH=/opt/binutils-arm-eabi/bin:/opt/fpc-svn/lib/fpc/2.5.1:/opt/fpc-svn/bin:$PATH</pre>
<pre>export PATH=/opt/binutils-arm-eabi/bin:/opt/fpc-svn/lib/fpc/2.5.1:/opt/fpc-svn/bin:$PATH</pre>
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</li>
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<li>
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cd into lazarus directory
cd into lazarus directory
<pre>
<pre>
make clean all
make clean all
</pre>
</pre>
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if it fails with
 
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<pre>
 
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Need "lazarus_0.9.31.orig.tar.gz" to build for DEBBUILD = ""
 
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</pre>
 
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then you will be able to compile it with
 
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<pre>
 
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make DEBUSESVN=1 clean all
 
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</pre>
 
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if it still fails with
 
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<pre>
 
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make -C ide ide
 
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make[1]: Entering directory `/media/mmc1/noch/src/freepascal/lazarus-svn-2011-02-10/ide'
 
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../tools/svn2revisioninc .. revision.inc
 
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make[1]: *** [revisioninc] Segmentation fault
 
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make[1]: Leaving directory `/media/mmc1/noch/src/freepascal/lazarus-svn-2011-02-10/ide'
 
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make: *** [ide] Error 2
 
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</pre>
 
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then according to [http://bugs.freepascal.org/bug_view_page.php?bug_id=18271 this] link it could be solved by USESVN2REVISIONINC=0
 
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<pre>
 
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make LCL_PLATFORM=gtk USESVN2REVISIONINC=0 DEBUSESVN=1 clean all
 
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</pre>
 
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</li>
 
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</ol>
 
==Compile on device==
==Compile on device==
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[[Category:N900]]
[[Category:N900]]
[[Category:Development]]
[[Category:Development]]
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[[Category:Devtools]]

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