Moving system directories to a flash card
This method is not recommended, as it is more fragile, and less usable than straight flash booting. Please use the steps outlined in the booting from a flash card article instead!
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What is this page
this page describes the setup on my own N800, I hope it can be useful to others, it surely helps me each time I update the system and I must remember what I had done.
Why might want to read this
- you regularly run out of space while trying out new programs
- you don't want to reflash /home each time you reflash your tablet
- you would like the 'rwx' permissions logic also on the flash card
- you want a LARGE /home partition
Why you should consider an other method
booting from a flash card describes a possibly better method for solving most of the above points. in the talk page you will read why you should follow that method and not this one. as far as I managed to understand, what I describe is totally useless and anybody able to understand the above reasons would be able to figure out all that I've been writing here. unfortunately, I have a very faulty memory and I need wiki pages to remind me what to do each time I have to do it, so I softly insist on not removing this otherwise useless page.
I strongly advice you not to follow my method and to try booting from a flash card, but if you do and you have comments about it, please correct me where I'm definitely totally wrong. don't tell me "you're definitely totally wrong", just correct the text. thanks. and no, I don't like capital letters after the full stop.
a much safer approach is not doing any of these experiments and just enjoy your tablet as it is. it's a beautiful tool, isn't it?
Needed
- a working N800
- an internal flash card of 2Gigs or more.
- maybe a standalone linux desktop
- one hour time and some chamomile
First time
Partitioning
follow the steps on partitioning a flash card, deciding how much space you want to reserve for /usr and how much for /home.
on my system, I have slightly less that 0.5G for /usr and 1.5G for /home, respectively in partitions 2 and 3. I have left a small 1st partition on the card because some hardware might otherwise think the flash card is corrupt and might want to "recover" it...
in general, it will not be a good idea to remove the card from the machine at any time and it will not be a good thing to put the card into anything else than your N800...
Copying your data to the new file systems
after you have created the partitions and have initialized them, mount them somewhere (for example /mnt/usr and /mnt/home) and copy /usr/* and /home/* there, keeping attributes
cp -a /usr/* /mnt/usr cp -a /home/* /mnt/home
this will cost time so don't allow your N800 to die because of a low battery!
Setting things up
after you have done this, I think the best way to go is reflashing your machine (apart from the above cp instructions, you also made a backup, didn't you?) and follow the steps in the next section. this will clean up a lot of space on your internal memory.
After a reflash
things might work also without a backup, but make one anyway, unless you trust me blindly and you want to test the procedure.
short list of things to do:
Reflash the machine
Remove useless packages
things like the tutorial and I can't remember what else... I used the Application manager to remove everything which was removable.
Boot with flash card in place
Test your old partitions
this needs a few more words
after you have become root, do this:
#!/bin/sh
# create the mount points for testing
mkdir /mnt/usr
mkdir /mnt/home
# create the startup script
cat > /etc/init.d/mount_custom << EOF
insmod /mnt/initfs/lib/modules/2.6.21-omap1/mbcache.ko
insmod /mnt/initfs/lib/modules/2.6.21-omap1/ext2.ko
MOUNT_ROOT=/mnt/
mount /dev/mmcblk0p2 ${MOUNT_ROOT}usr
mount /dev/mmcblk0p3 ${MOUNT_ROOT}home
EOF
# register it for early execution
chmod +x /etc/init.d/mount_custom
cd /etc/init.d; for i in 2 3 4 5; do ln -s ../init.d/mount_custom /etc/rc$i.d/S15mount_custom
Reboot and check
now reboot and it's up to you how you want to check that /mnt/usr and /mnt/home contain what you expected
New files to old /usr
copy the new files from /usr to /mnt/usr
cp -a /usr/* /mnt/usr
as for the first time, this too will take time so be patient and do not let your N800 suffer electricity hunger.
Back to work
edit the /etc/init.d/mount_custom script setting MOUNT_ROOT=/ and reboot if you dare.
things should "just work" and if they don't then there's a mistake in the procedure so please let me know about it or correct the description yourself.
Restoring without a Backup
in a bare N8x0 after a reflash you would see a totally empty menu and the system would offer you reinstalling all programs. you can still use this option also on the setup described above.
on the other hand, if you follow the above instructions, your application menu would not be empty and in general your palmtop would look a lot like as if you had not just reflashed it. this is quite obvious, as reflashing the internal memory will not affect your /usr nor /home partitions.
unfortunately even if your application menu would offer you just the same options as before the reflash, it is extremely application dependent if a program will work out of the box or not. as a general rule, assume they won't work and that you need doing a restore from a backup anyway.
on one occasion I preferred not using a backup and I used the application menu as a list of things to reinstall. this helped me to clean up my repository list, which was quite messed up after that trouble with repostory/repository...
= Power Consumption
the power consumption of the machine does go up this way and, more importantly, it will not be able to work once the charge is too low to read/write the flash cards. so this setup DOES shorten your autonomy... I did consider stepping back, but a quick check on the usage of my /usr partition convinced me otherwise: even if I removed 30% of the installed programs I would still have zero space for user files.