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The accelerometer detects orientation and movement of the [[Nokia N900|phone]].

==Hardware==

The accelerometer in the phone is a [http://www.st.com//stonline/products/literature/ds/12726/lis302dl.pdf LIS302DL].

It is connected through [[N900 Hardware Bus I2C|the I2C bus]].

It features:
* Low power consumption
* Dynamically selectable 2/8 G full-scale.
* Programmable multiple interrupt generator
** Click and double click recognition
** Zero G detection

The click and double click functionality are not implemented in the current software.

The accelerometer is uncalibrated - the sensitivity may vary by around 10% plus or minus per-axis. Ideally this would be able to be calibrated by the user. It is possible to recover the bias and sensitivity by rotating the phone several times, and then finding the best mapping of the resulting ellipsoid to a sphere centered around zero.

The absolute resolution is poor - 18 mG (at 2 G sensitivity) typical. This is fine for detecting the orientation of the phone, but makes most uses that would attempt to integrate the acceleration for detection of position useless.

At the fastest sampling speed, the noise is enough to dither the output, so the resolution is somewhat higher.

===Fundamental limitations===

For example - with a 9 mG error - there is an acceleration error of 9 centimeters per meter per second.

This means that after 10 seconds, the velocity may be anywhere within a 1.8 m/s (around 4 MPH) band, and the position inaccurate by 4.5 m. After 100 s, the position inaccuracy is up to 450 m (this assumes the orientation of the phone is known exactly).

===Bugs===

Sometimes the LIS302 in N900 gets massive offset on one or more axes, due to unknown reason (possibly I2C errors). Symptoms: Dialer autorotation fails or gets weird. Even rebooting seems not to help to fix this, but removing battery for some seconds resets the chip.

==Software==

The accelerometer is supported by the dbus/sysfs infrastructure accelerometers, and the [http://doc.qt.nokia.com/qt-maemo-4.6/maemo5-rotation.html application rotation framework].
It is used by much software, including [http://maemo.org/packages/view/n900fly/ N900Fly] and [http://maemo.org/downloads/product/Maemo5/pedometerhomewidget/ a pedometer widget] as well as all applications that support the screen rotating automatically to be up.

[[Open development/Maemo roadmap/Fremantle|Fremantle]] provides an accelerometer API. There are currently [https://bugs.maemo.org/show_bug.cgi?id=4724 two interfaces available]:
* D-Bus
* sysfs

See also the [http://talk.maemo.org/showthread.php?p=288990 related thread] at talk.maemo.org.

=== D-Bus ===

Thomas Thurman ([http://twitter.com/marnanel marnanel]) has put together a simple demo of an application using accelerometers using the D-Bus interface. You can find sources and .deb up at http://people.collabora.co.uk/~tthurman/sandcastle/

=== sysfs ===

Another way is to use the sysfs file information:

/sys/class/i2c-adapter/i2c-3/3-001d/coord

When reading that file you get 3 values X, Y and Z (provided on one line, separated by white space). Values are in mG (milli G). 1000 = 1 G

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Theoretical values from the accelerometers
|-
! Position
! X
! Y
! Z
|-
| Lying on table (back down)
| 0
| 0
| -1000
|-
| Lying on table (face down)
| 0
| 0
| 1000
|-
| Sitting on table (bottom edge down)
| 0
| -1000
| 0
|-
| Sitting on table (right edge down)
| -1000
| 0
| 0
|-
| Sitting on table (left edge down)
| 1000
| 0
| 0
|-
| Bottom right corner down (approx.)
| -707
| -707
| 0
|}

These are theoretical values. In real life your mileage will vary.

An example can be found at: [http://git.zimmerle.org/?p=inclinometer.git;a=summary]

=== Using the data ===

The ''X'' and ''Y'' values can be used to calculate<ref>Tom Pycke, ''[http://tom.pycke.be/mav/69/accelerometer-to-attitude Accelerometer to pitch and roll]''</ref> the pitch (that is, clockwise rotation) using the ''atan2'' function (note the inverted sign of ''y''):

angle_in_radians = '''atan2'''(''x'', -''y'')

Similar, ''Y'' and ''Z'' can be used to calculate the roll:

angle_in_radians = '''atan2'''(''y'', -''z'')

=== Python ===

Using the sysfs interface:
<source lang="python">
  def get_rotation():
    f = open("/sys/class/i2c-adapter/i2c-3/3-001d/coord", 'r' )
    coords = [int(w) for w in f.readline().split()]
    f.close()
    return coords
</source>

And using the D-Bus interface:
<source lang="python">
import dbus
bus = dbus.SystemBus()             
accel = bus.get_object('com.nokia.mce',
        '/com/nokia/mce/request',
        'com.nokia.mce.request') 
orientation , stand , face , x , y , z = accel.get_device_orientation()
</source>
x,y,z are the raw accelerometer measurements values, and the first three variables give text information about the device orientation. In particular, the first one informs about the landscape/portrait state.

A python class that gives smoothed accelerometer values is available [http://lesloueizeh.com/jdieter/accelreader.py here].

=== Smoothed C interface ===

This is a C function which returns smooth values from the accelerometer.
Designed for applications running at >=25fps  (otherwise it lags)

(GPL code extracted from libliqbase: liqaccel.c)

<source lang="c">
static int ocnt=0;
static int oax=0;
static int oay=0;
static int oaz=0;
	
static const char *accel_filename = "/sys/class/i2c-adapter/i2c-3/3-001d/coord";

int liqaccel_read(int *ax,int *ay,int *az)
{
	FILE *fd;
	int rs;
	fd = fopen(accel_filename, "r");
	if(fd==NULL){ liqapp_log("liqaccel, cannot open for reading"); return -1;}	
	rs=fscanf((FILE*) fd,"%i %i %i",ax,ay,az);	
	fclose(fd);	
	if(rs != 3){ liqapp_log("liqaccel, cannot read information"); return -2;}
	int bx=*ax;
	int by=*ay;
	int bz=*az;
	if(ocnt>0)
	{
		*ax=oax+(bx-oax)*0.1;
		*ay=oay+(by-oay)*0.1;
		*az=oaz+(bz-oaz)*0.1;
	}
	oax=*ax;
	oay=*ay;
	oaz=*az;
	ocnt++;
	return 0;
}
</source>

===C++ Class===

This is a simple C++ class based on the sysfs interface. Placed in the public domain by [[User:thp|thp]]. Feel free to improve:

<source lang="cpp"> 
#include <stdio.h>
 
#define ACCELEROMETER_FILE_N900 "/sys/class/i2c-adapter/i2c-3/3-001d/coord"
 
class Accelerometer {
    int x;
    int y;
    int z;
 
public:
    Accelerometer() : x(0), y(0), z(0)
    {
        update();
    }
 
    bool update()
    {
        int tmp[3] = {0, 0, 0};
        FILE *fd;
 
        if (!(fd = fopen(ACCELEROMETER_FILE_N900, "r"))) {
            return false;
        }
 
        if (fscanf(fd, "%i %i %i", tmp, tmp+1, tmp+2) != 3) {
            return false;
        }
 
        if (fclose(fd) == EOF) {
            return false;
        }
 
        x = tmp[0];
        y = tmp[1];
        z = tmp[2];
 
        return true;
    }
 
    int getX() { return x; }
    int getY() { return y; }
    int getZ() { return z; }

};
</source>

[[Category:N900 Hardware]]
[[Category:Development]]

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Editing N900 accelerometer

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 ==Hardware==
-The accelerometer in the phone is a [http://www.st.com/web/catalog/sense_power/FM89/SC444/PF152913 LIS302DL].
+The accelerometer in the phone is a [http://www.st.com//stonline/products/literature/ds/12726/lis302dl.pdf LIS302DL].
 It is connected through [[N900 Hardware Bus I2C|the I2C bus]].
@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 ** Click and double click recognition
 ** Zero G detection
-** Interrupt on crossing arbitrarily set threshold on any axis, either absolute or speed of change (via programmable highpass filer). Note: the kernel driver doesn't support any of the advanced trigger configs, just simple threshold on x,y axis.
 The click and double click functionality are not implemented in the current software.
@@ Line 31: / Line 30: @@
 ===Bugs===
-Sometimes the LIS302 in N900 gets massive offset on one or more axes, due to unknown reason (possibly I2C errors). Symptoms: Dialer autorotation fails or gets weird. Even rebooting seems not to help to fix this, but removing battery for some seconds resets the chip. Powering down the device should help too (Note: device never really powers down as long as power is on USB, i.e. charging)
+Sometimes the LIS302 in N900 gets massive offset on one or more axes, due to unknown reason (possibly I2C errors). Symptoms: Dialer autorotation fails or gets weird. Even rebooting seems not to help to fix this, but removing battery for some seconds resets the chip.
 ==Software==
@@ Line 47: / Line 46: @@
 Thomas Thurman ([http://twitter.com/marnanel marnanel]) has put together a simple demo of an application using accelerometers using the D-Bus interface. You can find sources and .deb up at http://people.collabora.co.uk/~tthurman/sandcastle/
-See also how to handle [[Using_Fremantle_widgets#Portrait_Mode|portrait mode switching]].
 === sysfs ===
@@ Line 56: / Line 53: @@
   /sys/class/i2c-adapter/i2c-3/3-001d/coord
-When reading that file you get 3 values X, Y and Z (provided on one line, separated by white space). Values are in mG (milli G). 1000 mG= 1 G
+When reading that file you get 3 values X, Y and Z (provided on one line, separated by white space). Values are in mG (milli G). 1000 = 1 G
 {| class="wikitable"
@@ Line 226: / Line 223: @@
 };
 </source>
-==References==
-<references />
 [[Category:N900 Hardware]]
 [[Category:Development]]