Packaging a Qt application

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= Packaging a Qt application for Maemo=
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{{main|Packaging}}
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== Finding your package in debian ==
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If you want to port a Qt package to Maemo, you should check and see if it is already packaged for debian and use that package if you can - this will save you time and effort. You can search in debian's [http://www.debian.org/distrib/packages Package Tracking System (PTS)] to see if it is there. There is a search system on the PTS page, under the "distribution" drop-down, select 'any', this will search throughout debian's repositories to find the package. Debian has more than 20,000 packages just in its stable distribution so your application is likely already packaged.
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If you find the package already exists in debian, you can get the source, including the packaging source, with apt-get. To do this, you'll have to edit your /etc/apt/sources.list, you can follow this recipe;
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Packaging a Qt application for Maemo is very similar to packaging any other application, so this document only contains information on Qt-specific packaging issues.
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<pre>
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== Creating a Maemo package from a qmake project ==
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$ echo “deb http://ftp.it.debian.org/debian/ unstable main contrib non-free” >> /etc/apt/source.list
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$ apt-get update
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$ apt-cache search "application name"
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$ apt-get source "application name"
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</pre>
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''To learn more about the /etc/apt/sources.list you can do a 'man sources.list' if you are running debian or a debian based GNU/Linux distro.''
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In order to create a new package for Maemo, from a qmake project, you will need to:
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* Rename the source directory to <code>Package-Version</code> (for example myapp-0.1 for an application ‘myapp’ with a version of ‘0.1’)
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* Create a ‘src’ directory in <code>Package-Version/</code>
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* Copy all the files to the <code>src/</code> directory
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* Rename <code>src/appname.pro</code> to <code>src/src.pro</code>
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Please make sure that the directory name is <package-version> format and in small case letters.
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== Porting the debian package to a Maemo package  ==
 
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If your application has been already packaged for debian, you can begin your maemo packaging with this section. Once you have the source of the debian package, you will need to make some modifications to that package for it to build under Maemo. For the complete Maemo Package Policy, use this link to a pdf.
 
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In order to create a new package for maemo, you'll need to:
 
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* Rename the upstream source directory in Package-Version (eg: myapp-0.1)
 
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* Create “src” directory in Package-Version/
 
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* Copy all the files in the src/
 
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* Rename src/appname.pro in src/src.pro
 
<pre>
<pre>
$mv myapp myapp-0.1
$mv myapp myapp-0.1
Line 29: Line 19:
$mv src/appname.pro src/src.pro
$mv src/appname.pro src/src.pro
</pre>
</pre>
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*Create a myapp-0.1/myapp.pro file like this:
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Append the following chunk to end of your <code>src/src.pro</code>. The chunk adds an install section to your qmakefile 
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<pre>
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unix {
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  #VARIABLES
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  isEmpty(PREFIX) {
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    PREFIX = /usr
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  }
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  BINDIR = $$PREFIX/bin
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  DATADIR =$$PREFIX/share
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  DEFINES += DATADIR=\\\"$$DATADIR\\\" PKGDATADIR=\\\"$$PKGDATADIR\\\"
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  #MAKE INSTALL
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  INSTALLS += target desktop service iconxpm icon26 icon48 icon64
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  target.path =$$BINDIR
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  desktop.path = $$DATADIR/applications/hildon
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  desktop.files += $${TARGET}.desktop
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  service.path = $$DATADIR/dbus-1/services
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  service.files += $${TARGET}.service
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  icon64.path = $$DATADIR/icons/hicolor/64x64/apps
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  icon64.files += ../data/64x64/$${TARGET}.png
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}
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</pre>
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*Create a <code>myapp-0.1/myapp.pro</code> file like this:
<pre>
<pre>
QMAKEVERSION = $$[QMAKE_VERSION]
QMAKEVERSION = $$[QMAKE_VERSION]
Line 45: Line 67:
**Some example files (*.EX *.ex)
**Some example files (*.EX *.ex)
<pre>
<pre>
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export DEBFULLNAME="maintainer first name and last name"
dh_make --createorig --single -e maintainer@email.org -c gpl
dh_make --createorig --single -e maintainer@email.org -c gpl
</pre>
</pre>
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== Having a look inside the debian/ dir ==
 
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At this point the directory my-app contains
 
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* the source directory ( src/ )
 
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* the debian directory (debian/)
 
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Inside the debian dir we have the files needed for the creation of the debian package
 
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* Changelog  - Application's change log
 
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* Compat  - Debian helper compatibly version
 
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* Control - Describes the packages to be made
 
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* Copyright - Copyright text
 
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* Rules - A binary makefile containing the rules to build the package
 
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== Maemo Packaging Policy ==
 
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Maemo packages follow the Debian Policy, but there are some items where Maemo:
 
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* Is more strict (it is an embedded distribution)
 
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* Is more relaxed
 
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**Only a target device (Nokia Internet Tablet)
 
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**Only a specified UI (Hildon)
 
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**Only one user.
 
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*Differs from Debian because Maemo has different:
 
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**Objectives
 
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**Maintainers
 
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**Infrastructure
 
== Editing the rules file ==
== Editing the rules file ==
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The rules file generated by dh_make will be modified in order to look like this one.
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The rules file generated by <code>dh_make</code>, found in <code>debian/rules</code> will be modified in order to look like this one. We are using qmake, so there is no <code>configure</code> script to run. If you copy and paste the following file, notice the empty space at the beginning of the lines these are TAB characters, they are not multiple space characters. If you copy and paste the following chunk, you most propably get space's instead of tabs if this is true then the file will not work.
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We are using qmake, so we haven't a configure file to run.  
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<pre>
<pre>
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         dh_installman
         dh_installman
         dh_link
         dh_link
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         dh_strip
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         dh_strip --dbg-package=my-application-dbg
         dh_compress
         dh_compress
         dh_fixperms
         dh_fixperms
Line 133: Line 131:
</pre>
</pre>
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==Editing the Control file ==
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== Editing the control file ==
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Basically it specifies for each package (source or binary) a name, some dependencies, a description etc...
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The control file generated by <code>dh_make</code>, found in <code>debian/control</code> will be modified substantially. Please refer to the general packaging guide for Maemo for details.
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For a Maemo package these fields are very important:
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* Section: Only the packages in the user segment are showed by App Installer.
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* Maintainer: This field MUST be changed if the upstream package is modified
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* XB-Maemo-Icon26: It contains the PNG icon encoded in base64 visible in the Application Installer
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<pre>
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For Qt applications you need to make sure to add <code>libqt4-dev</code> as an additional entry in the field <code>Build-Depends</code>.
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Source: my-application
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Section: user/valid_subsection
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Priority: optional
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Maintainer: name surname <xxxxxxx.xxxxxx@maemo.org>
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XSBC-Original-Maintainer: name surname <yyyyy.yyyyy@debian.org>
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Build-Depends: debhelper (>= 5), libqt4-dev, OTHERS_BUILD DEPENDECIES
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Standards-Version: 3.7.3
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Package: my-application
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== Example ==
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Architecture: any
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You can download the [http://maemo.org/packages/view/qt-maemo-example/ source package of qt-maemo-example] from the [[extras-devel]] repository as follows, if you have source packages enabled in your <code>/etc/apt/sources.list</code> file:
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Depends: ${shlibs:Depends}, ${misc:Depends}
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Description: A simple test application
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A very simple application with a short description.
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Which spans multiple lines actually.
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XB-Maemo-Icon-26:
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iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAABoAAAAaCAYAAACpSkzOAAAABmJLR0QA/wD/AP+g
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vaeTAAAACXBIWXMAAAsTAAALEwEAmpwYAAAAB3RJTUUH1gURDQoYya0JlwAAAU9J
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REFUSMftlL1KA0EUhb/NZl/ggnHQxsJUxt5CUucVJCCkDfgyKdIGG5/A0s5HEBtJ
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EdDAQGBgmw0YJmMzgXXYza5CtNkDW9zZw5z7c+ZCgwb/Ai3i9sVl/Bq8RIs4LRK1
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gJDsKvJyNXmJMuYTsMoY1zpgozaABdYArQNPZQ1kfyGU7SpqVwxzAMwABWhgpIwp
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4vWBB+AUWAI3ypjnfEXtPU4bLKx9vErTeCeiRSYF+fTn1j5dp2myE9EiU+DSi3wX
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ymeqRQAmZ3EcA5E/fgO6BULT8zhOcrwXoJdrXRa2Lgps2y2odAUcBUIXQdz78YyC
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SldAp8b7+bXrIv91qjZBietqCc2DjbAt4b2WxJkyZljVujlwp0U0cPxuLcAIuC+4
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dKxFlsDJarvdAGP/b6hFnDImYs+uG3hbO2AB3Jbsur63tQM+fFx3bzZocEB8AdV2
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gJBZgKTwAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC
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</pre>
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Valid subsections are:
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  apt-get source qt-maemo-example
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* accessories
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* communication
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* games
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* multimedia
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* office
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* other
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* programming
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* support
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* themes
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* tools
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== Editing the Changelog file ==
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It is the log of the changes for a specified application version. It's important file because it sets the binary/binaries and the source packages version and revision.
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If an upstream package is re-packaged or modified for maemo, the Maemo revision string should be appended to the upstream revision.
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So if in Debian the package name was something like "Myapp-0.4-2" in maemo this package will be called "Myapp-0.4-2maemo0".
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The number after the "maemo" string is a progressive number.
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== Application menu icon & position ==
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The Maemo application menu detects automatically an app that provides a .desktop file in /usr/share/application/hildon
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Maemo menu structure is completely different from Debian:
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* An unmodified Debian package installs the proper .desktop in /usr/share/applications
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* Applications that use the debian menu are displayed in the extra menu
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In order to show our application in the correct Maemo menu:
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* debian/myapp.install moves the .desktop file and icons in the right directory
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<pre>
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src/*.desktop usr/share/applications/hildon
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src/*.png usr/share/icons/hicolor/26x26/apps
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</pre>
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* debian/postinst should call  maemo-select-menu-location utility to permit the user to choose the menu location.
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<pre>
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#!/bin/sh
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maemo-select-menu-location myapp.desktop
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</pre>
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== Checking Maemo Packages ==
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Lintian dissects Debian packages and reports bugs and policy violations.
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It contains automated checks for many aspects of Debian policy as well as some checks for common errors.
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Unfortunately it doesn't check conformance to the additional Maemo policy.
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Currently Maemo doesn't provide any tools to check its policy.
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== Building the binary and the source package ==
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To build only binary package/s
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<pre>
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$dpkg-buildpackage -rfakeroot -b
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</pre>
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we can install these binary package with dpkg:
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<pre>
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$dpkg -i myapp.deb
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</pre>
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To build the source package and to sign it with your gpg key (ABCDEF12)
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<pre>
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dpkg-buildpackage -rfakeroot -sa -S -kABCDEF12
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</pre>
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At this point, if you have tested your package and it works fine you can [http://wiki.maemo.org/Uploading_to_Extras upload it in extras/extras-devel].
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= Example =
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You can download the source package of qt-maemo-example from the extra-devel repository just running
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''apt-get source qt-maemo-example''
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This command will download the:
This command will download the:
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- unmodified source (.orig.tar.gz)
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* unmodified source (.orig.tar.gz)
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* debian dsc file (.dsc)
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- debian dsc file (.dsc)
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* diff file (.diff)
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- diff file (.diff)
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and after it will launch automatically dpkg -x file.dsc in order to uncompress the orig.tar.gz and apply the changes.
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and will then automatically launch <code>dpkg -x file.dsc</code> in order to decompress the orig.tar.gz and apply the changes.
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= Useful Links =
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== Useful Links ==
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[http://qt4.garage.maemo.org Qt4Maemo at garage]
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[http://standards.freedesktop.org/desktop-entry-spec/desktop-entry-spec-0.9.4.html Desktop entry spec 0.9.4]
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* [[Packaging Qt Creator Apps for Maemo Extras]]
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* [[Qt-Maemo|Qt for Maemo]]
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* [[Packaging|Packaging guide for Maemo]]
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* [http://doc.qt.nokia.com/qt-maemo-4.6/maemo5-with-qt-introduction.html#deploying-your-applications Deploying your Maemo 5 Qt application] Qt documentation
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[[Category:Development]]
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[[Category:Packaging]]
[[Category:Qt]]
[[Category:Qt]]

Latest revision as of 09:11, 4 November 2010

Main article: Packaging


Packaging a Qt application for Maemo is very similar to packaging any other application, so this document only contains information on Qt-specific packaging issues.

Contents

[edit] Creating a Maemo package from a qmake project

In order to create a new package for Maemo, from a qmake project, you will need to:

  • Rename the source directory to Package-Version (for example myapp-0.1 for an application ‘myapp’ with a version of ‘0.1’)
  • Create a ‘src’ directory in Package-Version/
  • Copy all the files to the src/ directory
  • Rename src/appname.pro to src/src.pro

Please make sure that the directory name is <package-version> format and in small case letters. 

$mv myapp myapp-0.1
$cd myapp-0.1
$mkdir src
$cp * src
$mv src/appname.pro src/src.pro

Append the following chunk to end of your src/src.pro. The chunk adds an install section to your qmakefile 

unix {
  #VARIABLES
  isEmpty(PREFIX) {
    PREFIX = /usr
  }
  BINDIR = $$PREFIX/bin
  DATADIR =$$PREFIX/share

  DEFINES += DATADIR=\\\"$$DATADIR\\\" PKGDATADIR=\\\"$$PKGDATADIR\\\"

  #MAKE INSTALL

  INSTALLS += target desktop service iconxpm icon26 icon48 icon64

  target.path =$$BINDIR

  desktop.path = $$DATADIR/applications/hildon
  desktop.files += $${TARGET}.desktop

  service.path = $$DATADIR/dbus-1/services
  service.files += $${TARGET}.service

  icon64.path = $$DATADIR/icons/hicolor/64x64/apps
  icon64.files += ../data/64x64/$${TARGET}.png
}


  • Create a myapp-0.1/myapp.pro file like this: 
QMAKEVERSION = $$[QMAKE_VERSION]
ISQT4 = $$find(QMAKEVERSION, ^[2-9])
isEmpty( ISQT4 ) {
error("Use the qmake include with Qt4.4 or greater, on Debian that is qmake-qt4");
}

TEMPLATE = subdirs
SUBDIRS  = src
  • Run dh_make to debianize the source archive, it creates:
    • An archive with the unchanged upstream source (orig.tar.gz)
    • Some basic files in the debian directory
    • Some example files (*.EX *.ex) 
export DEBFULLNAME="maintainer first name and last name"
dh_make --createorig --single -e maintainer@email.org -c gpl

[edit] Editing the rules file

The rules file generated by dh_make, found in debian/rules will be modified in order to look like this one. We are using qmake, so there is no configure script to run. If you copy and paste the following file, notice the empty space at the beginning of the lines these are TAB characters, they are not multiple space characters. If you copy and paste the following chunk, you most propably get space's instead of tabs if this is true then the file will not work. 

#!/usr/bin/make -f
APPNAME := my_app_name
builddir:
        mkdir -p builddir

builddir/Makefile: builddir
        cd builddir && qmake-qt4 PREFIX=/usr ../$(APPNAME).pro

build: build-stamp

build-stamp: builddir/Makefile
        dh_testdir
        # Add here commands to compile the package.
        cd builddir && $(MAKE)
        touch $@

clean:
        dh_testdir
        dh_testroot
        rm -f build-stamp
        # Add here commands to clean up after the build process.
        rm -rf builddir
        dh_clean
install: build
        dh_testdir
        dh_testroot
        dh_clean -k
        dh_installdirs

        # Add here commands to install the package into debian/your_appname
        cd builddir && $(MAKE) INSTALL_ROOT=$(CURDIR)/debian/$(APPNAME) install
# Build architecture-independent files here.
binary-indep: build install
# We have nothing to do by default.

# Build architecture-dependent files here.
binary-arch: build install
        dh_testdir
        dh_testroot
        dh_installdocs
        dh_installexamples
        dh_installman
        dh_link
        dh_strip --dbg-package=my-application-dbg
        dh_compress
        dh_fixperms
        dh_installdeb
        dh_shlibdeps
        dh_gencontrol
        dh_md5sums
        dh_builddeb

binary: binary-indep binary-arch
.PHONY: build clean binary-indep binary-arch binary install configure

[edit] Editing the control file

The control file generated by dh_make, found in debian/control will be modified substantially. Please refer to the general packaging guide for Maemo for details.

For Qt applications you need to make sure to add libqt4-dev as an additional entry in the field Build-Depends.

[edit] Example

You can download the source package of qt-maemo-example from the extras-devel repository as follows, if you have source packages enabled in your /etc/apt/sources.list file: 

apt-get source qt-maemo-example

This command will download the:

  • unmodified source (.orig.tar.gz)
  • debian dsc file (.dsc)
  • diff file (.diff)

and will then automatically launch dpkg -x file.dsc in order to decompress the orig.tar.gz and apply the changes.

[edit] Useful Links

Retrieved from "http://wiki.maemo.org/Packaging_a_Qt_application"